• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a device for the emergency supply of oxygen in an aircraft, particularly in an airplane, with an oxygen or breathing gas tank or with an oxygen production device, a pressure pipe ( 1) supplying oxygen or breathing gas one or more breathing masks (3), with an on-off valve (2) with which the pressure conduit can be opened or blocked, with means for determining the mass flow actual flow through the valve (2) and with a control and regulating electronics (7) which determines, as a function of a signal from a cabin pressure sensor (6), a mass flow to be reached and which controls the valve (2) according to the determined actual mass flow.
    公开号:FR3023537A1
    申请号:FR1556508
    申请日:2015-07-09
    公开日:2016-01-15
    发明作者:Heiko Marz；Thomas Sauerbaum
    申请人:BE Aerospace Systems GmbH；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a device for the emergency supply of oxygen in an aircraft and allowing the implementation of a method for controlling the supply of breathing gas to one or more breathing masks. In today's commonly used jet aircraft traveling at altitudes of 10,000 m and above, a pressurized cabin is provided in which cabin pressure is generated to provide oxygen supply to the passengers while ensuring sufficient fresh air supply. In order to be able to supply passengers with oxygen when, at such altitudes, an unexpected pressure drop occurs, emergency oxygen supply systems are provided by which passengers can be supplied with a quantity of oxygen. sufficient oxygen in the event of decompression, that is to say when a fall in the pressure of the cabin has occurred. Such systems typically include oxygen pressure tanks or chemical oxygen generators that deliver breathing gas or oxygen through a duct system in a sufficient amount to the breathing masks provided for the supply of passengers. . In this case, the emergency oxygen system must be designed so that a sufficient supply of oxygen at the maximum possible altitude is ensured. However, as the flight altitude decreases, the oxygen requirement decreases as the oxygen content in the ambient air increases. Since the transport of oxygen, whether in pressurized tanks or generators, causes a significant weight that must be taken into the aircraft and is no longer available as a transport capacity, we constantly try maintain the amount of oxygen or breathing gas to bring as small as possible. To achieve this, the amount of oxygen or breathing gas supplied to the breathing masks is controlled according to the pressure of the cabin, according to the regulations in force. In case of decompression, the pressure of the cabin corresponds essentially to the pressure of the ambient air which depends mainly on the altitude. In the relevant regulations, it is established how much oxygen is to be provided to the passengers according to the altitude, that is to say the pressure of the cabin. At the same time, we try not only to bring the amount of oxygen as close as possible to the minimum value prescribed to obtain the lowest possible oxygen consumption, but to design the necessary technical equipment the lightest and cheapest possible . Starting from EP 2 004 294 B1, it is part of the state of the art to control the oxygen supply of the breathing masks as a function of the pressure of the cabin, that is to say according to the altitude, using an on-off valve, the control of the quantity being effected by a modulation of the pulse width of the valve.
    [0002] The disadvantage is that, on the one hand, the PID modules necessary for the generation of the pulse width modulation signal are relatively complex and, on the other hand, the energy requirement for the actuation of the valves. is relatively high, since the valves must be slaved in opening, according to the frequency of the modulation of the pulse width, with a high rate and must be kept open for a certain time according to the pulse rate. As a result, the valves must have a high switching capacity. In view of this background, the object of the invention is to design a device which makes it possible to implement a method for controlling the supply of breathing gas, which, on the one hand, makes good use of these operating valves. stopping which are in themselves robust and advantageous cost but which, on the other hand, has a lower energy consumption and is advantageous to achieve in terms of the control technique. Essentially, a device for emergency oxygen supply, which can operate in such a process and is advantageous in terms of manufacturing costs and which does not consume a lot of energy but which nevertheless allows precise control to keep oxygen consumption as low as possible. The device part of this goal is reached with the characteristics indicated below. Advantageous embodiments are also indicated in the description below and in the drawings. The characteristics indicated in the description may elaborate the solution of the invention in any appropriate combination of the features described in the following paragraphs. First of all, a method that can be used by the device of the invention is described. This method serves to control the supply of breathing gas, in particular oxygen supply, from a pressurized supply line to one or more breathing masks of an emergency supply device. oxygen in an aircraft, in particular in an airplane, in which an on-off valve is arranged between the supply duct and the breathing mask or masks with which the connection via the duct can be blocked or released, provides that a flow the mass to be reached is predetermined according to the pressure in the cabin, as indicated in the relevant regulations and that the actual mass flow, ie the flow to the single breathing mask or to the masks of breathing is determined. In this context, the valve is slaved in opening, during a first step of the method, until the error, added over time, between the actual flow and the flow to be reached exceeds a maximum value of previously established error , and the valve is locked in closing, during a second step of the method, as long as the error, added over time, between the actual flow and the flow to be reached exceeds a predetermined minimum error value, the cycle being repeated then starting with the first step. The actual mass flow can be determined for example by means of a mass flow or volume sensor or in any other appropriate manner. When, for example, a nozzle is disposed between the on-off valve and the single supply conduit or the conduits respectively to the single mask or masks, which is designed so that the gas passes therethrough, in the field of predictable operation, with a supersonic velocity, ie in a supercritical manner, the pressure before the nozzle is then substantially proportional to the mass flow through the nozzle, which makes it possible to determine the mass flow towards the masks d passengers' oxygen on the basis of pressure. The idea underlying this process that can be used by the device according to the invention is then not, as in the state of the art, to modulate, at a constant frequency, the pulse rate of the pulse rectangular, so the width of the pulses, but to enslave the valve first opening until the error, added over time, between the actual flow and the flow to reach exceeds a maximum value of previously established error , that is, to keep the valve open until it was supplied to the single mask or breathing masks more oxygen than was necessary according to cabin pressure . Only when the mass flow, that is to say the quantity of oxygen added over time, exceeds the quantity of oxygen to be reached, predetermined for this time, by a certain value, that is to say a predetermined maximum error value, that the valve is switched in order to lock it into closure, in a second step, as long as the error, added over time, between the real flow and the flow to reach exceeds a pre-established minimum error value, i.e., to keep the valve closed until it has been supplied to the single mask or breathing masks with less oxygen than it was required according to cabin pressure, the cycle being repeated after starting with the first step. In this course, what was provided first too much and then not enough, is taken into account in the next step of the method. It is clear that, by alternately switching the valve, the amount of oxygen first supplied too much due to the predetermined error value, is taken into account in the next step of the process during which the valve is locked in closing, so that one obtains a very high regulation precision in spite of the number of relatively low switching cycles.
    [0003] By its principle, this method that can be used by the device according to the invention is adapted for controlling the self-supply of breathing gas, which means that it can be used for the control of the power supply. almost any breathing gas, including of course oxygen. During the supply of oxygen, the breathing mask is provided, in a manner known per se, with an upstream breathing bag which constitutes a buffer for the supply of oxygen, as well as an air valve. secondary, as it is part of the state of the art. It is clear that this method that can be used by the device according to the invention uses a real mass flux and a mass flow to be achieved, but that these values can be replaced by volume values, that is to say that can be implemented a volumic determination of the flow of passage. According to an advantageous implementation of this method that can be used by the device according to the invention, the mass flow to be achieved is determined by a calculation unit, the value then being predetermined by values recorded in the form of a table, by a curve or calculation formula, depending on the cabin pressure. The cabin pressure is in place of the flight altitude and the oxygen content of the surrounding air which results from it but which, in principle, can also be determined by measurement. This method used by the device according to the invention is to be implemented so that a sufficient supply of oxygen passengers is ensured. This is guaranteed when the actual mass flux is measured continuously or at sufficiently short intervals of, for example, 1 millisecond to 100 milliseconds. The maximum error value is advantageously set between 10 (3/0 and 100 (3/0 above the target mass flux), the higher the value, the lower the number of switching cycles. Advantageously, the error should be between 10 (3/0 and 50/0) below the mass flow to be achieved, since, to the extent that the error value increases the switching frequency of the valves decreases. should be chosen so that, over the average of the time, the actual mass flow corresponds to or is greater than the mass flow to be achieved, preferably slightly greater, in order to ensure in all circumstances a sufficient supply of oxygen to the passengers.
    [0004] It is then advantageous to choose the error values so that, after the first cycle, the actual mass flow corresponds to or is greater than the mass flow to be achieved. This method used by the device according to the invention can reduce the switching frequency of the on-off valve compared to the method of the state of the art. It can therefore be implemented for valves whose switching capacity is less, or in other words, with equal switching capacity, it ensures greater reliability. A particularly advantageous application is given when using a bistable on-off valve, preferably a bistable magnetic on-off valve, since with such a valve additional energy savings go hand in hand, since it There is more than one switching pulse to be generated to obtain the switching of the valve and that, moreover, in the open state, there is no other energy to supply, contrary to what is made with simple magnetic valves. A device allowing in particular the implementation of the method described, comprises a reservoir of oxygen or breathing gas or an oxygen production device, a pressure conduit supplying oxygen or breathing gas one or more breathing masks and an on-off valve with which the pressure conduit can be opened or blocked. It further comprises means for determining the mass flow which passes through the valve, the actual mass flow, and a control and regulation electronics which determines, as a function of a signal coming from a pressure sensor of the cabin, a mass flow to reach and controls the valve according to the actual mass flow determined. In a particular embodiment of the device, the control and control electronics is adapted to implement the method described, that is to say to determine minimum and maximum error values. In addition, the control and control electronics are designed to add the actual mass flux over time and thereby determine the error value between the actual mass flow and the mass flow to be achieved and to compare it to the previously fixed error values. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the on-off valve is a bistable on-off valve, preferably a bistable magnetic on-off valve. Such a magnetic valve only needs a switching pulse to switch and is therefore very economical in operation, which saves electrical resources for emergency power.
    [0005] For the implementation of the device, the control and regulation electronics is advantageously adapted to determine and / or to predetermine error values at reaching or exceeding of which the valve is switched. This means that the control and control electronics are designed for a summation over time of the determined actual mass flow and to predetermine corresponding error values. By principle, the number of breathing masks connected to the pressure conduit can be chosen freely. However, it is particularly advantageous to connect two to six breathing masks to a pressure conduit and to control them by an on-off valve. In this case, it is advantageous to supply the breathing masks with an upstream breathing bag, as is part of the state of the art for such devices. To determine the actual mass flow, it is advantageous to use a flow sensor which is mounted in the supply path between the on-off valve and the breathing masks and more particularly the ducts connected to the breathing masks.
    [0006] Since the flow sensors are technically complex, it may be advantageous, according to one embodiment of the invention, to mount a nozzle downstream of the on-off valve which is designed so that, for the operating values to be provided. , the mass flow is a supersonic flow, that is to say a supercritical flow, for which the flow is substantially proportional to the pressure present at the nozzle. In this case, a pressure sensor is advantageously mounted between the on-off valve and the nozzle and the actual mass flow is determined on the basis of the evolution of the pressure over time. The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawing, in which: FIG. 1 represents a diagram of a device for the emergency power supply in FIG. 2 oxygen in an airplane, FIG. 3 represents a curve showing the mass flow to be achieved according to Figure 3a cabin pressure, Figure 3b shows three diagrams for the same time period for Figure 3c the added mass flow, the mass flow during this period, the switching pulses to switch the valve during this period, and Figures 4a, 4b the detail A of Figures 3a, 3b on a larger scale.
    [0007] With regard to the emergency oxygen supply device shown in FIG. 1, there is shown only the important part for the present invention, starting with a conduit 1 for oxygen which is fed from a bottle of oxygen or an oxygen generator. This pressurized duct 1 is connected to a group of breathing masks 3, represented for example by two masks, via a bistable magnetic valve 2. Respiratory masks 3 are mask masks. oxygen for passengers generally used in civil aviation and having a breathing bag 4 mounted upstream. On the output side of the magnetic valve 2, a mass flow sensor 5 is provided in the conduit to the breathing masks 3, which detects the actual mass flow. In addition, a pressure sensor 6 is provided which detects the pressure of the cabin inside the aircraft. A control and regulating unit 7 is provided which slaves the magnetic valve 2 according to the signal of the pressure sensor 6 and the mass flow sensor 5. The control and regulation unit 7 is formed by a microprocessor in which the mass flow to be achieved is determined in a first calculation unit 8 on the basis of data stored in the form of a table and the cabin pressure determined by the pressure sensor 6, the mass flow to be reached being that which is necessary for this pressure of the cabin to supply the connected breathing masks, or rather the persons connected to them, with the necessary quantity of oxygen. A second calculation unit 9 is provided which determines the values to be reached and the error values for the regulation on the basis of the target mass flow determined by the first calculation unit 8. In a third calculation unit 10, a maximum error value and a minimum error value are predetermined, at which the magnetic valve 2 receives a switching pulse to switch. FIG. 2 shows a diagram which represents, by a continuous line, the mass flow to be achieved as a function of the pressure of the cabin, that is to say as a function of the flight altitude or the ambient pressure. This curve 11 is stored in the calculation unit 8. For this curve 11, a maximum error value, which is also a function of the pressure, is represented by a curve 12. Below the curve 11, a minimum value The curves 12 and 13 follow, as clearly shown in FIG. 2, the evolution of the curve 11 which represents the mass flow to be achieved as a function of the pressure of the cabin, but are shifted by a certain measure respectively upwards (curve 12) or downwards (curve 13) and thus mark the margin of error or tolerance around the curve 11. The curves 12 and 13 are stored in the calculation unit 10. The control of the valve 2 is concretely represented in FIGS. 3 and 4, a maximum error value 14 being deduced from the curve 12 and a minimum error value being deduced from FIG. curve 13 (see Figures 3a and 4a respectively). Curve 16 in FIGS. 3b and 4b represents the mass flow to be achieved. Starting with the emergency oxygen supply, the valve is slaved in opening at a time to. By this, oxygen passes through the conduit 1 and the open valve 2 to the breathing masks 3. By the mass flow sensor 5, the amount of oxygen passing is determined and the error value relative to the flow of mass to be achieved is added over time in the calculation unit 10. This addition is represented by FIGS. 3a and 4a. First there is an undernourishment until the actual mass flow through the open valve 2 exceeds the mass flow to be reached and has reached the maximum error value 14. At this time t1, the valve 2 is switched by a switching pulse 17, after which the valve is closed and no oxygen reaches the breathing masks 3. From this results, over time, an increasing error value, that is to say first, a reduction in the supercharging of the preceding switching interval and then an under-power with respect to the value to be reached 16 until the power supply drops below this value and a minimum value of error 15, which is stored in the control and regulation unit 7, in particular in the calculation unit 10, is reached. As soon as this minimum error value is reached, that is to say as soon as the curve 13 is reached or has just been exceeded, then the minimum error value 15 is reached or has just been reached. numerically exceeded, so at time t2, the valve 2 is switched by a switching pulse 18 and is now open, so that oxygen passes through the conduit 1 to the breathing masks 3. By this, it is first remedied the previous undernourishment, knowing that with the passage of time, with valve 2 open, it passes more oxygen than is expected according to the curve of values to reach 16. This takes place until the mass flow reaches a maximum error value 14, namely at time t3, and the magnetic valve 2 switches, that is to say, closes, by a switching pulse 19. When then, because of the undernourishment, the curve of values to reach 16 is exceeded in the negative and the minimum value When the error message 15 is reached, a switching pulse 20 is sent to the time t4 by the calculation unit 10, which pulse switches the magnetic valve 2, that is to say the slaved opening, in such a way that that oxygen passes again. This process is repeated continuously so that at a suitable switching rate, preferably between 1 and 200 ms, here for example 5 ms, an oxygen supply is reached which corresponds almost exactly to the feed to be achieved. As more particularly in Figure 3b clearly shows, the number of switching is relatively low, since when a maximum or minimum error value is reached, the valve 2 is only switched and it is not necessary to perform a high frequency servo valve as necessary for pulse width modulation. In addition, the servocontrol is better adapted to the real need for oxygen, since the method is not linked by a frequency and a pulse rate as is necessary with the modulation of the pulse width. The control method described above adds the errors of the control value for the control of the bistable magnetic on-off valve 2. With this, the error value is added to give a value to be reached which is determined according to of the pressure in the first calculation unit 8 on the basis of predetermined values. When the error sum reaches the maximum error value 14 with valve 2 open, the valve is switched. Only when the error sum reaches the predetermined minimum error value 15, the valve 2 is switched again and thus opened. Thus, an energy pulse is needed only for switching and not for maintaining the open valve, as is clear from FIG. 3c.
    [0008] The method described above can be implemented without problems also when the mass flow to be achieved changes, for example when the aircraft descends, because the maximum error value and the minimum error value are adapted according to the curves 12 and 13. Due to the addition of the error values, it is ensured continuously that the mass flow to be achieved is reached. This regulation is essentially insensitive to haze values and avoids the problems inherent in the PID regulation typically applied in the state of the art. In order to help reading the figures, the list of reference numbers is given as follows: 1 pressurized conduit 2 bistable magnetic on-off valve 3 breathing masks 4 breathing bag 5 mass flow sensor 6 sensor pressure 7 control and control unit 8 first calculation unit 9 second calculation unit 10 third calculation unit 11 curve to be reached 12 maximum error curve 13 minimum error curve 14 maximum error value 15 minimum error value 16 value to be reached 17 to 20 switching pulses
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Device for emergency oxygen supply in an aircraft, in particular in an airplane, with an oxygen or breathing gas tank or with an oxygen production device, a pressure conduit (1) supplying oxygen or in breathing gas one or more breathing masks (3), with an on-off valve (2) with which the pressure conduit can be opened or blocked, with means for determining the actual mass flow through the valve (2) and with a control and regulating electronics (7) which determines, as a function of a signal from a cabin pressure sensor (6), a mass flow to be achieved and which controls the valve ( 2) according to the actual mass flux determined.
    [0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, wherein the on-off valve is a bistable on-off valve (2), preferably a bistable magnetic on-off valve (2).
    [0003]
    3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control and control electronics (7) is adapted to determine and / or predetermined error values (12, 13, 14, 15) to reach. or beyond which the valve (2) is switched.
    [0004]
    4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the feeding of the breathing masks (3) passes, for each mask, by a breathing bag (4) mounted upstream.
    [0005]
    5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a flow sensor (5) is provided for determining the actual mass flow.
    [0006]
    6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a nozzle is mounted downstream relative to the on-off valve and a pressure sensor is provided between the on-off valve and the nozzle to determine the actual mass flow. .25
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    法律状态:
    2016-02-05| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-02-03| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2018-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-12-07| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20181207 |
    2019-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102014206878.9A|DE102014206878B4|2014-04-09|2014-04-09|Method for controlling the supply of breathing gas|
    FR1552887A|FR3019750B1|2014-04-09|2015-04-03|METHOD FOR MONITORING RESPIRATORY GAS SUPPLY|
    FR1556508A|FR3023537B1|2014-04-09|2015-07-09|DEVICE FOR EMERGENCY OXYGEN SUPPLY IN AN AIRCRAFT|FR1556508A| FR3023537B1|2014-04-09|2015-07-09|DEVICE FOR EMERGENCY OXYGEN SUPPLY IN AN AIRCRAFT|
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